effort

常用用法

effort的基本意思是“力氣”“努力”,指做某事所使用的力氣和努力,作此解時只用作單數(shù)形式,引申表示“努力”“奮斗”,指費力做某事或艱苦的嘗試,作此解時是可數(shù)名詞。effort還可表示“努力的事例”“努力的成果”,即“作品”“成就”,為可數(shù)名詞。
effort表示“努力”時,其后可接動詞不定式作其定語,偶爾也可接介詞短語作定語。
make efforts, make an effort, make every effort后面常接動詞不定式,表示“努力做某事”,接an effort時表示“做一番努力”; 接efforts時表示“作出多次努力”,接every effort表示“每做一次努力”。
effort指“努力”時，后面跟不定式。His effort to reform her at length succeeded. 他為改變她作出努力最后取得了成功。
effort指“作品”時，后面跟at和動名詞或名詞。This is his effort at depicting the peasants. 這是他描繪農(nóng)民的一幅作品。
effort指“努力”時，是抽象名詞，不可直接用于make后。只能以an effort，efforts，every efforts等形式出現(xiàn)；
表示相反的狀態(tài)時，用without effort或without great effort中，注意是單數(shù)effort；
effort可用于以下句型中：Effort has been made to...（不定式），Effort has been directed to...（介詞）或make special effort to...（不定式）等。

這組詞都可作“努力”解。其區(qū)別是：
effort(s)著重指動作的本身; endeavour(s)著重作出努力的認(rèn)真和決心; exertion(s)著重于動作的積極性或劇烈性; bid著重于為達(dá)到某種企圖而作出的努力; pain(s)側(cè)重為完成某事花費氣力。例如:
I will make a great effort to master English我會努力掌握英語。
The cabinet is making all possible endeavours to bring about national economic stabilization.政府內(nèi)閣將盡最大努力使國家經(jīng)濟(jì)趨于穩(wěn)定。
I was quite hot and tired after all my exertions.用力干后,我又熱又累。
Our Department is making a bid for the interdepartmental basketball championship.我們系正力求奪取系際的籃球賽冠軍。
For thirty years,Teacher Liu has been taking great pains in educating us.30年來,劉教員一直勞心努力地教育我們。