underlying surface

基本解釋

As an important part of underlying surface, cryosphere is in the process of continuous interaction with atmosphere.
冰凍圈作為下墊面的一個(gè)重要組成部分，與大氣處于不斷的相互作用過(guò)程中。
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Some critics of the study have suggested that there are universals underlying surface differences, and that the WEIRD variables may not be the right ones.
一些該研究的批評(píng)者認(rèn)為在表面的區(qū)別下存在著共性，而那些古怪的變量可能并非事實(shí)。
The runoff coefficient of every underlying surface was forecasted in different rainfall conditions by ANN models and compared with conventional method as well.
用該方法對(duì)不同降雨條件下每種下墊面的徑流系數(shù)進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)，并與傳統(tǒng)方法進(jìn)行了比較。

Accept the discomfort, get deeply into it, picture what it looks like and slowly, like an onion, the underlying emotion will surface which is commonly fear, anger, envy, shame, a feeling of inferiority etc.
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But a state highway spokesman says they were only working on the surface of the road, not the underlying structure.
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Fully accept this feeling, get even deeper into it and like the next layer of the onion, the underlying experience which has lead to this emotion often comes to the surface.
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下墊面
Especially the precipitation, the atmospheric humidity and the underlying surface situation of arid region directly influence the forming and the developing of sandstorm.
由于氣候的波動(dòng)變化和人類活動(dòng)的干擾，使荒漠環(huán)境也在不同區(qū)域受到不同程度影響，尤其是干旱地區(qū)的降水、大氣濕潤(rùn)程度和下墊面狀況都直接影響著沙塵暴的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。
下墊而

下墊面
The underlying surface has been divided into non-permeable layer and permeable layer. The abstraction loss of the former mainly consider depression storage , but the latter should also should add infiltration loss.
下墊面條件有不透水和透水之分，前者的降雨損失主要考慮洼地蓄水，而后者的降雨則還應(yīng)包括下滲損失分別建立模型計(jì)算。